Keenjhar - Research Journal

ABSTRACT POEM: IT'S HISTORY AND WRITING TECHNIQUE

2026-04-29T07:01:59+00:00

This research article explores the origins, development, and technical framework of abstract poetry, tracing its early evolution and artistic roots in 19th-century European art, particularly in painting, and later its formal emergence as a poetic form in the early twentieth century through the pioneering work of Dame Edith Sitwell. The study highlights her contributions to the genre through her poetic collections and her 1949 presentation of abstract poetry in New York, which defined the foundational structure of the form. Furthermore, the article discusses how abstract poetry defies traditional narrative and thematic constraints, instead embracing ambiguity, symbolism, and multi-dimensional meanings, where expression often diverges from intention. It also critically examines the spread and adaptation of abstract poetry in South Asia, specifically in modern Sindhi literature, where Dr. Malik Nadeem introduced the form in the late twentieth century. The article also provides a theoretical framework and stylistic principles for the composition of abstract poetry, emphasizing the importance of conceptual depth, symbolic language, and social commentary. This study thus serves as both a historical account and a creative manifesto for understanding and producing abstract poetry in contemporary literary discourse.

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE ESSAYS INCLUDED IN THE TEXTBOOK “SINDHI COMPULSORY” FOR NINTH AND TENTH CLASS

2026-04-29T07:24:30+00:00

Curriculum is known as a guide line given by the policy makers for the teachers to teach and for the students to learn. The targetedconsequence of any good curriculum isthe successful transferof information, skills, and attitudes to the learners. In Sindh; the Curriculum designed by Sindh Text Book Board is being taught. The Sindh Textbook Board was established in January 1971, through an Ordinance 1970. In this research paper I have critically analyzed the Book “Sindhi Compulsory” for the 9th and 10th class; being taught in all the schools of Sindh. This book was accepted through letter NO. SELD/HCW/181/2018: 24.08.2020, for the educational institutes of Sindh.

In this study I have pointed out the syntax as well as linguistic mistakes. In this research paper; I also have given the veracious suggestions to correct the errors.

AN ANALYSIS OF DR. FEHMIDAHUSSAIN'S STORIES WRITTEN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIBERAL FEMINISM

2026-04-29T07:39:35+00:00

Dr. FehmidaHussain is well-known for her work as a researcher, linguist, and teacher in Sindhi literature, while she has also a noticeable work in story writing. A collection of 43 stories, tiled with “Kundhi Kaliun Vich Men” has been published in 2024. In her stories the leading characters are majorly from urban settings, mostly the educated women, house wives and other professionally working women living in cities has been focused. While in Sindhi literature mostly with discussion of gender equality, domestic violence and other women rights, the Sindhi Story writers are commonly addressing the issues of the women from rural, village side areas and having low education or uneducated one. But Dr. Fahmida has adopted entirely contrasted to the common practiced storyline.It is largely believed that a woman living in a city is more prosperous, empowered, and independent than a woman living in rural areas.But Dr. Fahmida’s stories draw readers attention to the fact that an educated, professional working woman living in the urban areas is working to support her family’s at outside the home and same time she also meeting the roles of mother, wife, daughter and sister in the part of housewife. She highlighted in her stories the matters and problems of women are facing in above said situation. In previous Sindhi literature specially in short story writing the topics has been discussed as education, health, marriage and social equality, including this the woman has presented as a decorative and sex object emphasizing her physical beauty and behavioral sensitivity and softness. But apart from these complex issues, Sindhi fiction has never discussed about the creativity and societal status of women in professionalism before.Her stories are majorly reflecting the conceptual structure of liberal feminism, which is considered the starting wave of feminism movement.

An Analysis of Surr Karaayal in the Context of Contemporary Social Fabric

2026-04-29T07:56:04+00:00

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, a celebrated poet of the Sindhi language, used his verse to guide the people of Sindh toward spiritual enlightenment. His powerful message, delivered with great impact, was meant to help them achieve success in this life and the next. Through his poetry, he connected with the hearts of ordinary people, introducing them to the essence of divine love, sincerity, and humanity. He taught people to speak out against hypocrisy, the caste system, and social divisions. He prioritized inner purity over external rituals and traditions. His message, spread through his poetry, fostered peace, tolerance, and cultural harmony in society. Each chapter of his work is filled with profound meaning. This paper analyzes Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai's Sur Karail in the context of today’s social challenges.

Arabic Qasidah: Definition, Structure and Importance

2026-04-29T08:04:19+00:00

The Qasidah is one of the oldest and most prestigious poetic form in Arabic literature. It represents a complete artistic and cultural expression of Arab society and has played a central role in shaping Arabic poetic tradition from the pre-Islamic era to modern times. The Qasidah is not merely a poem but a carefully constructed literary form that reflects social values, historical events, and aesthetic ideals of the Arab world. In terms of definition, a Qasidah is a long mono-rhymed poem written in a single meter, maintaining the same rhyme throughout. Traditionally, it addresses a specific purpose or theme, such as praise, satire, pride, or elegy. The unity of meter and rhyme gives the Qasidah a strong musical quality, which enhances its memorability and oral transmission. Regarding its structure, the classical Arabic Qasidah is composed of three main parts. It usually begins with the Nasib or Tashbib, where the poet nostalgically recalls lost love or abandoned dwellings. This is followed by the Rahil, in which the poet describes a journey, often portraying the desert, the poet’s mount, and the hardships of travel. The final section is the main thematic purpose of the poem, known as the Gharad, which may take the form of praise (Madih), satire (Hija’), pride (Fakhr), or elegy (Ritha’). These parts are artistically linked, creating a coherent and balanced poetic composition. The importance of the Qasidah in Arabic literature is immense. Historically, it served as the voice of the tribe, preserving honor, recording battles, and expressing collective identity. Culturally, it acted as a repository of Arab values such as bravery, generosity, loyalty, and wisdom. Literarily, the Qasidah set the foundations for Arabic poetic aesthetics, influencing poetic language, imagery.

The title describes a research review of the scientific and literary services of Professor Qazi Nazir Ahmed

2026-04-29T08:10:33+00:00

The scope of Professor Qazi Nazir Ahmed’s educational and literary services has been remarkably vast. He not only fulfilled the significant role of teaching in academic institutions but also contributed to the intellectual and literary development of students through both curricular and extracurricular activities. His educational vision remained consistently dedicated to the promotion of the Sindhi language and the improvement of educational standards. On an organizational level, he was highly active as a member of Sindhi Adabi Sangat, various literary circles, publishing houses, and numerous educational institutions. He played a leading role in the establishment of many literary and educational organizations, thereby giving a new direction to Sindh’s intellectual movement. In terms of essay writing, QaziNazir Ahmed’s writings span literary criticism, social awareness, educational issues, and linguistics. His research-based and critical writings are considered a valuable contribution to Sindhi literary studies, reflecting his intellectual inquiry, academic background, and critical insight. In the realm of poetry, QaziNazir Ahmed’s work is rich with thought, pain, national consciousness, love, nature, and truth. His poetic style stands at the confluence of tradition and innovation, where the choice of words, use of similes, metaphors, and depth of meaning leave a lasting impression. In the genre of short stories, his writings depict social issues, human behavior, class differences, women's concerns, and reflections of the everyday life of the common man. His stories portray a synthesis of art, thought, and reality, offering a vivid reflection of various aspects of Sindhi society.

Influence of Nationalism on Modern Sindhi Poetry

2026-04-29T08:18:26+00:00

The foundation of a nation is primarily rooted in defined geographical boundaries. A group lacking such boundaries is akin to a stateless people whose existence remains nebulous and intangible. Beyond geography, a nation requires a common language, shared culture, historical continuity, collective character, and unified political and economic interests. A group of people that embodies these elements can be considered a Nation. Nationalism is both an ideology and a movement that emphasizes the interests, unity, and loyalty of a specific Nation or Country. It fosters a sense of identity and affiliation with a particular national community, advocating for the preservation and promotion of its cultural, political, and economic dimensions. Often, nationalism generates a sense of superiority or exceptionalism, while simultaneously advocating for the protection of national sovereignty and freedom. Nationalism can inspire poets to write about their homeland, its history, culture, and landscape. Through this, national identity and heritage can be preserved and celebrated. Nationalist poetry fosters a sense of pride and unity among citizens, cultivating a feeling of belonging and patriotism. Historically, the influence of nationalism on poetry has been closely linked with political movements and ideologies. In some instances, poetry has been utilized as a tool for propaganda, promoting nationalist ideologies or supporting political leaders. This can lead to a transformation in poetic expression, potentially compromising artistic integrity and the pursuit of truth. Overall, the impact of nationalism on poetry is complex and multifaceted. While it may encourage poets to explore and celebrate their national identity, it can also produce negative.

ABBREVIATED WORDS IN THE POETRY OF SYED RAKHYAL SHAH AND SYED CHEEZAL SHAH

2026-04-29T08:32:16+00:00

The philosophy of civilization of Sindh represents a journey of enlightenment, beauty, progress and moral refinement for humanity. A nation, that follows the spiritual and intellectual path of its civilization enjoys peace, safety, tranquility and happiness. The philosophical essence of the teachings of Syed Rakhyal Shah and Syed Cheezal Shah belongs to civilization of Sindh. Both poets hold a great stature among the great Poets of Sindh. Their works are the nucleus of poetic notion and exhibit a wide range of intellectual depth. The diversity of themes in their poetry reflects their deep understanding of human experience, and many of their write – ups are found in multiple languages. The paper entitles the use of abbreviated words in the poetry of Syed Rakhyal Shah and Syed Cheezal Shah. The use of abbreviations is a linguistic phenomenon observed in the languages of word. The term abbreviation refers to shortening of a long word into a concise form, and several examples of such words are easily sought.

AESTHETIC FEATURES IN THE POETRY OF HASAN DARAS

2026-04-29T08:54:19+00:00

The Modern poet Hassan Dars was known as versatile modern poet of modern Sindhi poetry. He Has Introduced his own diction and style in his poetry. Basically he was a romantic poet but at the same time his expression of creative writing was progressive. Main topics of his poetry are Native people of Sindh, village life of Sindh, Geography of Sindh, Naturalism and Aesthetics. Hassan Dars was the most popular poet among his contemporary poets. He was not only representative poet of modern poetry but also a prose writer. His poetry was published in different magazines. After his death the collection of his whole poetry published by name: “Hassan Dars Jo Risaalo.” In This Research Paper, various aesthetic features of Hassan Dars`s poetry will be discussed.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE SCHOLARSHIP OF "TAJNIS AND SAN'AT" IN THE POETRY OF SHAIKH AYAZ

2026-04-29T08:57:37+00:00

Shaikh Ayaz is a prominent name in modern Sindhi poetry, who took Sindhi poetry to new heights in terms of technique and thought. Many researchers and critics have worked on the artistic aspects of Shaikh Ayaz's poetry. In this regard, Kamar Shahbaz, Dr. Abdul Jabbar Junejo, Ibrahim Joyo, Dr. Fayyaz Latif, and Noor Ahmed Jangahi have worked on the art of "Tajanis and San'at" in Ayaz's poetry. Although some work has been done on the subject of "Tajanis and San'at" in Ayaz's poetry, it is still limited. There is a need for more research on this topic. This research article reviews the work done on the subject of "Tajanis and San'at" in Shaikh Ayaz's poetry and highlights the significance of the work done.

THE ART OF WRITING RESEARCH PAPER/ THESIS

2026-04-29T09:04:33+00:00

Despite the many types of creative writing, research is a completely different type of work that necessitates struggle, time, consistency, and hard work for a scholar to attain it. To begin this task, it is necessary to comprehend the requirements for connecting to a research work. Recognizing that, a question arose : ‘ How to write a Thesis / Research Paper?’ This research paper gathers information that specifically targets the interest of fresh graduates who wish to pursue as a Researcher. The paper is focused to discuss the Definition, Explanation, Origin, Areas of research, Dialect, synopsis, and objectives of research proposals, along with research Methodology and other related topics.