RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Exploring Perceptions about Hate Speech: A Case Study of Cyber Security and Law Undergraduate Students

2024-09-30T07:49:22+00:00

This study explores the perceptions and experiences of young undergraduate students about hate speech and the laws regulating such an act in society. With the ever-growing influence of access to digital technology, social media platforms and desire to freely express yourself; hate speech has become common in Pakistani society especially educational institutes. Youth is freely expressing their ideas, thoughts, and feelings on educational, social, economic, political, and religious issues without realizing the impact of their words and the sentiments of the people. Therefore, a qualitative case study was undertaken to explore the perspectives of Cyber-security and Law undergraduate students about hate speech. Data was collected using purposive sampling from 48 undergraduate participants. Focus group interviews had been conducted to record the views of respondents and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study suggest that the Cyber security students associated hate-speech with digital media while Law students related it to their day-to-day discourse and experiences. Similarly, Law students had better knowledge about the offenses and judicial laws while very few participants from the other discipline had knowledge about the laws regulating hate speech in society. However, the experiences of the respondents reflected that most of them have faced hate-speech on-campus or society. The results are insightful for educationists and policy makers to provide awareness to students about hate-speech and laws, especially those enrolled in information technology related fields during their early educational life.

Evolution of the Military under the Taliban Regime after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan

2025-04-28T06:35:01+00:00

The study is an analysis of the new armed forces of the “Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA)” under the Taliban regime on the remnants of the former Ashraf Ghani-led government. It is evolving and playing a role for the Taliban to justify the socially constructed ideology of their version of Sharia Law in the domain of military affairs. The paper focuses on the question of how the Taliban regime used propaganda to undermine the former Afghan government in its last days and how the decentralized potential of information warfare is keeping the Taliban upward over the recent security affairs of Afghanistan. National integration is being redefined by revamping the armed forces under the Taliban. The Taliban regime desires to gain international legitimacy through a sustainable security apparatus at home to manage internal security and its role in regional stability. The study provides an insightful inquiry into how the Taliban are following suit in the evolution of the military over the existing structures to reshape their administrative affairs in war-torn Afghanistan.

Natural Resources in Balochistan: A Critical Analysis

2025-04-28T06:41:25+00:00

The natural gas from Balochistan’s Dera Bugti District has remained the sustenance of Pakistan’s industrial growth and domestic consumption for more than six decades. The Saindak and Reko Diq in Balochistan’s Chagai District are Pakistan's only active metal mines. The Duddar-Lead Zinc Project in Lasbela District and Bolan Mining Enterprises are also major mineral exploration projects in the province. The abundant natural resources of Balochistan have not translated into an economic bonanza for Pakistan but instead turned into a resource curse for the province in the shape of extreme poverty, under-development, and prolonged internal conflicts. The natural resources and geostrategic location of Balochistan are an economic bonanza for Pakistan. However, at the same time, sub-nationalism and ethnic insurgency have created a severe law and order situation for the local populace and unleashed security challenges for Pakistan. The ethnic insurgency and separatism in Balochistan are the fallouts of longstanding grievances of the Baloch nationalists, which emerged from continued resource exploitation, economic deprivation, and political marginalization. This research explores the hydrocarbon and mineral resources of Balochistan, as well as greed, grievances, resource curses, and sub-nationalism in Balochistan.

Human Trafficking As An Organized Crime In The Context Of CPEC, Pakistan

2024-12-13T17:40:21+00:00

One of Pakistan's most serious problems is human trafficking, which includes the exploitation
of people who are forced into prostitution. A comprehensive socio-legal study is necessary to
understand the issue of human trafficking for prostitution in Pakistan, which is pervasive—
various elements of this phenomenon. Examining the intricate relationship between human
trafficking and prostitution is a complex issue that stems from a web of interrelated social,
economic, and legal factors. In this study, a descriptive overview of the 112 participants is taken for data in this research to examine its impacts. This study uses the quantitative method to carry the research ahead. The researcher chose 100 samples, and for the qualitative research on this data, the researcher interviewed 12 respondents. The influence and use of CPEC routes on human trafficking are specifically examined in this research, which explores human trafficking within the context of the China-Europe-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Human trafficking is very prevalent in the existing literature to enlighten the impact and its role in the research, according to our statistical and qualitative analysis that used theme investigation.

China’s Strategies under Neo-Realist Paradigm to Deter US in Asia

2025-04-28T06:46:31+00:00

China is now positioned to pose a potential threat to the United States and can challenge the US’s unipolar dominance in the advent of Multi-polarity in the next millennium. This paper thus seeks to explore the complex systems of regional dynamics in Asia in a situation where China is a threat to this current world order. This study employs a neorealist theoretical framework in assessing China’s approach to managing change in the international order as much as it seeks to challenge the hegemonic status of the United States in Asia. Since political power occupies a central place in world politics, the first stage of this study is the detailed theoretical analysis of neorealism. To analyze China’s geopolitical desires and strategic planning, this paper examines China’s increasing military, economic, and diplomatic operations. This research also looks at how the United States responds to Chinese ascendancy; more so, it focuses on how actors within the regional structure have shifted their strategies to engage or counter China. These findings bring more context into the shift of global power by revealing a vast array of relations between the region's countries: allies, competitors, and the balance of power.

Impact of Social Emotional Learning Processes (SELP) in Secondary Schools of Sindh, Pakistan

2024-12-22T19:50:37+00:00

Numerous attempts have been made in lessening the possibilities of the learners being involved in an unethical, immoral, social evils, drug addicting as well as drug trafficking practices in the secondary schools. But, controls over all these deadly habits are still soaring issues require to be resolved. The main reason behind all these inapplicable and unethical doings entails unavailability of proper education, unemployment, fewer opportunities seeking livelihood and many more. This paper discusses some guiding suggestions based on theory, research, and best educational practice that pinpoint main Social and Emotional Learning efficiencies and future planning can help to much extent, eradicate all the bad habits and provide them proper platform by replicating them with best one. The SEL competencies comprises of four categories which includes self-awareness, constructive attitudes and values, appropriate decision making and community communication skill. The worth emulating moves highlights essential to the triumph of school-oriented SEL practices which stress upon designing of curriculum with aim to wipe out all un wanted doings which are not only devastating to every individual but also leaving epidemic impact at the larger scale on the society, they are required to be equipped through program evaluation. The SEL approach is proposed to lead variety of research-oriented impediment practices those highlight healthiness, health substance ignorance, safety measures, illegal intimacy, personality, and social proficiency.

Gender Differences in Career Satisfaction and Well-Being of Lawyers

2024-05-15T05:41:10+00:00

The purpose of this study was to understand the gender differences in the financial, mental well-being and career satisfaction of lawyers. For this study, a total of 220 lawyers (110 male and 110 female) associated with different legal firms in Lahore were selected. For data collection, three scales—the Financial Well-Being Scale by Ortiz (2016), the Career Satisfaction Scale (CSS) by Greenhaus et al. (1990), and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS, 2007)—were used and analysed later by using inferential statistics. The findings found the roles of field of specialisation, family type, educational level, and marital status influential in determining the significant differences in the career satisfaction, financial, and mental well-being of lawyers. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between financial and mental well-being, age, monthly income, and years of experience. The findings highlight the need for inclusive policies to reduce gender disparity and improve the status of lawyers.

An Analysis of the Perceptions of Students and Teachers Towards the use of Code-Switching in English as a Foreign Language Classrooms at the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

2025-05-21T06:51:07+00:00

This study aims to clarify how English teachers and EFL students feel regarding switching codes in English as a foreign language classes where this language of the globe is the primary verbal communication used for teaching and learning. The current research discussed the use of switching the codes within the context of instruction. This research was conducted in the fifteen (15) departments/ institutes/ centers of the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, with 550 EFL learners selected based on their age, gender, English learning year, and level of ability. Moreover, as many as 15 English teachers who differed in gender, nationality, and length of teaching experience were also part of this study. For the quantitative portion of the study, EFL students were given questionnaires to complete, which were then evaluated using both descriptive and Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHIAD) analysis. Teachers were asked interview questions, and their replies were examined to get the qualitative portion's findings. The responses extracted from the recorded semi-structured interviews of English instructors were then empirically analyzed. Specific recommendations have been made regarding the current literature, and the findings have been examined.