The Shield - Research Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science

ROLE OF ETHICS AND MORALITY TO DEVELOPMENT OF PLAYER’S BEHAVIOR FOR BETTER OUTCOMES IN SPORT

Aqib Ashraf, Alamgir Khan, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Ethics and morality are generally considered the most important areas in sports not only limited to some basic areas such as sportsmanship, sports leadership and enhancement of sports performance through training and nutrition but other ethics and morality are generally considered a chief factor which has influential effects on the behaviours of the players physically as well as psychologically. This particular research study aimed to assess the role of ethics and morality in developing players’ behaviours for better outcomes in sports. The population of this particular research study was comprised of all the students of the Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan and thus the researcher selected one hundred and fifty (150) students as a sample of the study by using an available sampling technique. For data collection, the researcher developed a closed form of questionnaire comprised of relevant questions which was gone through the process of validity and reliability. The collected data were processed through a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-26) and thus suitable statistical tools were applied according to parametric data. Based on data analysis and findings, the researcher concluded that a greater number of players agreed that ethics and morality play an important role in developing a player’s behaviours. To sum up the whole discussion it concluded that ethics and morality make a player’s personality more effective.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON SPORTS DEVELOPMENT AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN

Sumera Sattar, Syeda Maryam Zahra, Maria Nazir Chema — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to integrate value of the student sports engagement within the framework of academic development. University sports is one of the elements of educational growth which is underrepresented topic of study in both educational and professional context worldwide. A fresh viewpoint on collegiate athletics may be noted, and numerous ramifications can be analysed, as a outcome of the vigorous worldwide growth of evidence and communication expertise, together with the global expansion of institutional-level education. To promote student sports and associated actions, this research investigates the potential of the Internet as a digital medium to communicate with students. A sample of Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan, students was used for the primary research. The study showed some noteworthy implications for students attitude concerning collection and usage of general data about student sports activities at the university level. It was demonstrated that the Cyberspace is a major component of the marketing potential of student sports. A comparative analysis of benchmark universities’ digital marketing activities was conducted to identify recommendations for developing and enhancing digital marketing tools, such as a website, and mobile applications social network presence, in order to maximize the marketing potential of university sports. Multiple firms use various digital marketing channels to sell their products and services online. Sporting event data may be utilized and disseminated in a multitude of ways through digital marketing. Traditional sports marketing is being replaced by digital marketing as a result of the rise of social media. It facilitates communication between sports fans, teams, and sponsors. Even sophisticated smartphones have an impact on sports marketing. These enormous advances in digital marketing provide several challenges for the sports marketing industry. In the following paper, the author utilises a model of the sports eco-system to provide novel concepts and methodologies. This digital marketing distinguishes between individual perspectives and those of sports organisations and federations. A novel strategy for the internet marketing of sports is outlined. This method is useful for analysing the present condition of digital marketing and creating a digital marketing plan for the sports industry.

THE IMPACT OF TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP ON SPORTS ADVANCEMENT IN FEMALE PLAYER IN PAKISTAN

Syeda Zaira Batool, Wajiha Abid, Shahzaman Khan — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Transactional leadership in the realm of sports refers to a leadership style focused on setting clear expectations, providing rewards for performance, and effectively managing conflicts and issues within the team or organization. In the context of female players in Pakistan, transactional leadership can have a profound impact on their advancement in sports.

Firstly, clear expectations set by transactional leaders provide female players with a framework for understanding their roles and responsibilities within the team. This clarity helps in goal setting and performance evaluation, enabling players to strive for excellence in their respective sports.

Second, giving out prizes for good work is a great way to inspire female participants. Rewards can come in various forms, such as recognition, praise, or tangible incentives. Transactional leaders who offer rewards based on players' achievements not only motivate them to perform at their best but also foster a positive team environment where hard work and dedication are valued and celebrated.

Moreover, effective conflict management is essential for maintaining harmony and cohesion within the team. Transactional leader’s adept at resolving conflicts in a fair and timely manner contribute to a supportive and inclusive team culture. This, in turn, enhances team dynamics and facilitates collaboration among female players, ultimately leading to better performance on the field.

Overall, transactional leadership can significantly influence the advancement of female players in Pakistani sports by providing them with clear guidance, motivation, and support. By understanding and leveraging the principles of transactional leadership, coaches and team managers can create an environment conducive to the growth and success of female athletes in sports.

THE LOAD AND REPETITION EFFECTS OF HIGH VOLUME CIRCUIT RESISTANCE TRAINING PERIODIZATION ON THE CONTINUUM STRENGTH-ENDURANCE METHODOLOGY

Yeliz KAHRAMAN, Mehmet Şerif ÖKMEN , Alay KESLER — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Circuit resistance training is one of the high load and short time rest regimes for maximize performance results. This training condition was not performed in high volume (%60-75-90-1RM) strength-endurance continuum according to multiple set load and repetition setting, single training volume was determined. The aim of the study was to determine the load and repetition effects of high volume circuit resistance training periodization, to maximize the level of strength and endurance in muay thai athletes by providing load and repetition periodization development. Muay thai athletes 12 participated in resistance training at 75% 1RM volume and performed multiple set, relative endurance (%60-1RM), absolute endurance (%70-1RM) and strength size (%85-1RM) repetition maximum trials performed during 3 weeks of periodization and 6 training sessions. The maximum strength performance outcomes were increased at (9-13% - 1RM%), whereas to low-medium-high load and repetition exercises were (<10% and rep= <7%) reported to short term circuit resistance periodization. The study outcomes promote maximal load and repetition, therefore, short-term high-volume circuit resistance training periodization was the primer strength gain and neuromuscular adaptation for improving manipulation load and repetition strategies. The periodic program may be possible to increase, strength and endurance performance level in micro session plans.

AWARENESS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PEOPLE OF BALOCHISTAN

Kausar Baloch, Munaza Tanveer , Noman Ahmed — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the awareness of physical therapy and its association with quality of life among the general population of Balochistan, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 700 individuals using the Awareness of Physical Therapy Questionnaire, through which participants were categorized into adequate knowledge (>67%), fair knowledge (48–65%), and inadequate knowledge (<47%). Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF, evaluating physical, psychological, social, and environmental health domains. The quality of life scores were interpreted as very poor (0–20), poor (21–40), moderate (41–60), good (61–80), and very good (81–100). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 to obtain frequencies, percentages, and mean values. The results showed that only 46.4% of participants were aware of the role of physical therapy, while overall knowledge remained inadequate (<47%) regarding treatment modalities, specialties, and professional practice. The mean scores for quality of life domains were 49.00±10.43 for physical health, 56.48±14.77 for psychological health, and 55.23±18.24 for social relationships, indicating a moderate quality of life, whereas environmental health scored 36.23±21.34, indicating a poor quality of life. The study concluded that the population of Balochistan has limited awareness of physical therapy, and physical therapy services are not widely recognized. Increased public education and awareness programs are required to improve understanding of physical therapy and its role in enhancing quality of life.