Comparative Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Commercially Available Antibiotics and Cinnamomum Verum (Cinnamon) Against Salmonella Typhi and Para Typhi Infections

Abstract

Typhoid fever is a life threating disease occurs due to ingestion of contaminated food products. Salmonella spp. are highly pathogenic in nature because they have the ability to produce endotoxins within a body. The present research study was designed to carry out comparative assessment of antibacterial activity of commercially available antibiotics and Cinnamomum verum extracts prepared in different solvents against S. typhi and paratyphi infections. In the current study, a total of 500 samples of blood were collected from typhoid patients in pre-sterilized bottles. After that serological tests were performed. Widal test was used for typhoid diagnosis and gave highest efficacy (52.6%) in the diagnosis of salmonellosis. Furthermore, Widal positive samples were investigated for the presence of pathogenic bacteria through conventional culturing technique and two major bacterial species i.e. S. typhi (n = 85) and S. paratyphi (n = 25) were identified. In the current study, Further more, antibiotic sensitivity assay was performed according to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and it was observed that all S. typhi isolates were sensitive to Sulbactam (38±2.23 mm) followed by Ceftazidime (37±2.8 mm), Tazobactam (36±2.5 mm), Amoxicillin (35±3.33 mm), Amikacin (29±1.7 mm), Gentamycin (28±1.8 mm), Cephradine (26±2.9 mm) and Meropenem (18±3.1 mm). On the other hand, S. typhi showed resistance to Ciprofloxacin (1.5±0.8 mm) and Ofloxacin (1±0.77 mm). Additionally, it was also observed that all S. paratyphi showed highest sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin (34±0.87 mm), Ofloxacin (30±1.67 mm), Ceftazidime (28±3.1 mm), Tazobactam (28±2.4 mm) and Sulbactam (28±1.14 mm) while showed resistance to Gentamycin (12±2.8 mm). Furthermore, it was suggested that proper care and preventive measures should be taken for patients with bacterial infections and also  antibiotics selection must be after performing culture sensitivity tests. Beside this, different plant extracts should be recommended as alternative for the treatment of typhoid infection and by doing this, chances of antibiotic resistance might be reduced up to greater extent.