Efficacy Trial of Locally Available Drugs (Farmec® 2% And Nidozole) on Body Condition Score (Bcs) of Parasite-Infected Buffalo Calves

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of two antiparasitic drugs, Nidozole suspension (which contains oxfendazole, oxyclozanide, cobalt, and selenium) and Farmec-2 (which includes 2% ivermectin) on the body condition score (BCS) of buffalo calves aged 6 to 12 months that were naturally infected with parasites, specifically piroplasms, their vectors, and helminths. The calves were divided into three groups based on their history, clinical signs, and results from the FAMACHA anemia guide test. Each group has 10 calves provided with ad lib feed and water: Group A (Ivermectin), Group B (Nidozole), and Group C (Control). Firstly, Blood, ectoparasite, and fecal samples were collected to analyze the parasitic burden. Giemsa-stained blood smears confirmed the presence of Babesia in several calves, while fecal examinations identified eggs from various parasitic species, primarily Haemonchus spp. After thorough analysis, the antiparasitic medications were administered, and BCS, along with clinical improvements, was monitored before and after medication on day 0, day 15, and day 45. On the 30th day, only BCS was monitored without medication.  The results indicated that Group A exhibited a slight improvement in BCS, while tick and lice infestations, which were prevalent before treatment, were nearly eliminated compared to Group B. Furthermore, calves in Group B showed a more significant improvement in BCS. Clinical observations revealed that prior to treatment, the calves had dull and rough hair coats, pale mucous membranes, reduced feed and water intake, and significant tick infestations. Following treatment, the calves displayed noticeably shinier and smoother hair coats, their mucous membranes regained typical coloration, and their appetite and water consumption increased compared to those in Group A. In comparison to the control group, both treatment groups showed improvements in BCS. The study concluded that Farmec-2 is highly effective against ectoparasites. At the same time, Nidozole positively influences BCS due to its combination of antiparasitic medication and micronutrients, which help eliminate parasites and enhance overall health. This study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate therapy in improving growth performance in parasitized calves.