University of Sindh Journal of Animal Sciences (USJAS)

History, Constraints of Hemp and Future Prospect as A Potential Livestock Feed an Bangladesh

RAHMAN MD. ATIAR, SHUVO ABDULLAH AL SUFIAN, HABIB MD. REZWANUL — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the historical context and potential of hemp as livestock feed in Bangladesh. Hemp, or Cannabis sativa L., has a long history in the region, dating back to the 18th century, when it was cultivated for various purposes, including medicinal and intoxicating uses. Hemp in Bangladesh serves various functions, primarily for medicinal purposes across different regions. Globally, the demand for hemp is rising, driven by its applications in fiber production, food, and medicine. Despite legal complexities, hemp has the potential to be a valuable livestock feed additive due to its nutritional qualities. Feeding hemp to ruminant animals can improve the fatty acid profile of their milk and meat. For non-ruminant animals like poultry, hemp seeds offer essential nutrients for growth and health. However, constraints exist, including legal issues and societal misconceptions regarding cannabis in Bangladesh. Changing these perceptions is crucial to realizing the potential of hemp in the country's agriculture and livestock industries.

Zoonotic Spillover and their Relativity to Pandemics: Review Article

MUHAMMAD ABDUL MANAN, AYESHA KHAN, AREEBA SAFDAR, MUHAMMAD FARHAN KHAN — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to emphasize the relativity of pandemics and their zoonotic spillover. During recent decades the chance of pandemics occurring has increased many folds. So, the study thoroughly reviewed seven zoonotic spillovers from bats in history that led us to the common feature that close contact of bats with other species including humans is the major reason for pandemics. Due to anthropogenesis bats started moving into buildings for survival, reproduction, and swarming became the susceptible source of disease transmission. The study aims to suggest measures that could help to prevent bat-borne viral outbreaks in the future.

The Role of Fish in Global Food and Nutrition Security: Current Aspects and Future Prospect

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article describes the current aspects and future prospect of fish usage in consumer’s meals to cover the deficiency of essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, globally. Currently, most of the human population is facing health problems such as cancer, depression, early aging, heart, brain, and autoimmune diseases, etc. due to the lack of essential elements in the routine diet. Fish is blessed as an enriched source of Omega-3, Calcium, Iodine, IL-1, Lysine, Vitamin A, D3, and many more to combat above mentioned problems. Fish is not only a reliable source of income generation from the beginning of the World Era but also provides essential nutrients to the poor community. Traditionally, it is the source of earnings for more than 100 million people and supplies livelihood to 660-820 million people worldwide. It is estimated that fish production and consumption are going to increase from 178.5 to 204.4 million tons and 18.7 kg per capita to 22.5 kg, respectively, during 2018-2030. This review highlights the role of fish in global food and nutrition security by providing protein and essential nutrients to the community to attain the Sustainable Developmental Goals of the United Nations.

Recent Advances in Dairy Animal Breeding and Reproduction: A Review

MUHAMMED NURYE, MOGES DEREJE — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This review has highlighted the transformative impact of recent technologies on dairy animal breeding and reproduction. Recent advances in the breeding and reproduction of dairy cows involve the integration of molecular genetics, cytogenetics, and reproductive biology into animal breeding practices. This integration of precision technologies has played a critical role in increasing the efficiency and productivity of breeding programs. The development of modern genetic technologies, such as genome mapping, marker-assisted selection, and transgenesis, has revolutionized the identification of superior genetic traits, contributing to accelerated genetic progress in dairy herds. Furthermore, advancements in reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, sperm sexing, and synchronization of estrus and ovulation in dairy cows, have supported the optimization of breeding strategies and facilitated improvements in economically important traits in livestock. Efforts have also been directed toward advancing the early detection of estrus stress in dairy cows using sensitive physiological indicators and sensor technologies, aiming to enhance decision-making in estrus management on dairy farms. In conclusion, recent improvements in the breeding and reproduction of dairy animals have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing reproductive efficiency, profitability, and the quality of milk and milk products. However, these technologies face limited applicability in developing countries due to challenges such as poor infrastructure, low costs, or a lack of human resources. Therefore, it is imperative to develop cost-effective technologies tailored to local and regional contexts, subsequently facilitating their broad dissemination within these regions.

A Zoonotic Trematode Infection in an Imported Goldfish, Carassius Auratus

AYESHA SHAFIQ, ASIF MANZOOR, ZAFAR IQBAL — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study was conducted for evaluation of parasite in goldfish and rainbow shark. Fifty fish samples goldfish (n= 40) were examined. Different parasites were recorded in goldfish such as Dactylogyrus sp, Centrocestus formosans, and unidentified metacerceria, Gyrodactylus, ichthyobodo necatrix and tetrahymena. In 38 fishes out of forty in goldfish. A total of 7,407 parasites were recorded. Most of the parasites were at the tips and middle part of the gills. The infection level having prevalence in goldfish was Centrocestus formosans 87.5%, Dactylogyrous sp. was 95%, gyrodactylus was 01%, Ichthyobodo necatrix also called costia was 05%, tetrahymena 2.5%. Experiments were conducted in June to August 2018, and prevalence of parasites was compared with Annahita (2017) that primarily focus on prevalence of Centrocestus formosans.

Effect of Different Salinity Levels on Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters and Proximate Composition of Cyprinus Carpio

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels on the growth performance, proximate composition, and hematological parameters of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The experiment was designed under Laboratory conditions with twice replica as five treatments: T0: 0-ppt, (control); T1: 2-ppt, T2: 4-ppt, T3: 6-ppt and T4: 8-ppt and fish were randomly stocked (5 fish /aquarium). The C. carpio were fed 5% (commercial diet CP-30%) of their body weight and water was replaced regularly after every alternate day. The present study describes the significant changes (p<0.05) in growth parameters (viz; final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) with poor feeding behavior and stress were observed with further increase in salinity. Furthermore, body composition (Protein, fat, moisture, and ash contents) also showed significant changes (p<0.05). The crude protein and moisture contents were significantly decreased while crude fat and ash contents were increased with the increase of salinity respectively. The results of hematological parameters also decrease with the increase of salinity and found significant changes (p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that C. carpio exhibits a great degree of adaptability and resistance to salinity stress. This study serves as a basis for developing strategies to optimize the rearing conditions and welfare of common carp in different salinity regimes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the observed responses, enabling more precise management practices for the sustainable cultivation of C. carpio.

Comparative Efficacy of Botanical Extracts Along with their Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against House Fly Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The current study was conducted in 2023 at the Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of botanical extracts and their green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against Musca domestica. Results revealed that at 50% concentration, Azadirachta indica extracts exhibited the highest mortality on larvae (51%), pupae (49%) and adults (53%), respectively, while at same concentration Citrus limon extracts exhibited the highest mortality on larvae (41%), pupae (45%) and adults (44%), respectively. Similarly, at 400ppm, ZnO Nps of A. indica showed 64, 57 and 67% mortality on larvae, pupae, and adults, respectively. While ZnO Nps of C. limon showed mortality on larvae (50%), pupae (54%) and adults (55%), respectively. The findings showed that A. indica extract at 50% concentration was more toxic to M. domestica as compared to C. limon extract. Additionally, A. indica ZnO Nps at 400ppm concentration were highly toxic to M. domestica as compared to C. limon ZnO Nps extract.

Evaluation of Insecticides and Botanical Oils Against Cotton Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research study was conducted to compare the efficacy of insecticides viz. imidacloprid, acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin‎ and botanical oils viz. neem oil, castor oil and linseed oil against Bemisia tabaci‎ (Gennadius, 1889) under laboratory conditions. By following Completely Randomized Design, bioassay was performed by leaf dip method with three replications and mortality data were collected after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment. The study revealed that both botanical and synthetic pesticides had significant effects on whitefly nymphal mortality. However, the most effective pesticides for whitefly up to 96 hours were imidacloprid and neem oil, while lambda cyhalothrin and linseed oil remained least effective, and the others showed 50-60% mortality throughout the experiment.

Faunistics of Pierid Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) with some New Records from Swat, Pakistan

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to explore the Pierid butterfly fauna of Swat over a one-year period from March 2021 to April 2022. A total of 100 specimens of butterflies were collected from different localities in Swat. Among the 100 specimens collected, 15 species spanning 10 genera categorized them into two subfamilies: Pierinae and Coliadinae. Within the identified species, nine belonged to the subfamily Pierinae, while the subfamily Coliadinae comprised six species. One species, Eurema brigitta (Stoll, 1780), is reported for the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, while five species—Pieris rapae (Linnaeus 1758), Ixias pyrene (Linnaeus 1764), Euchloe daphalis (Moore 1865), Aporia nabellicahesba (Boisduval, 1836), Colias eratae (Esper 1805) are reported for the first time from Swat.

Population Trend of Canola Aphid, Lipaphis Erysimi (Kalt) (Homoptera: Aphididae) Under Field Conditions

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The field experiment on the population trend of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) was conducted at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, from 2021 to 2022. The results revealed that aphids appeared at rates of 1.00 and 0.75 per leaf during January 8-14, reaching their peak at 10.10 and 11.35 per leaf during March 12-18. Subsequently, they disappeared from the field after April 9-15 in both years (2021 and 2022). Therefore, as L. erysimi reaches its peak population during SMW 11 (March 12-18), plants should be closely observed during this period, and control methods with rapid curative action should be applied if needed.

Melissopalynology Characterization of Pakistani Honey

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the study was to add latest scientific information regarding bee flora through pollen analysis available for honeybees in different districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. A total of 50 honey samples, natural (n=32) and branded (n=18) were collected and examined as per the method recommended by International Honey Commission. Natural honey samples were collected from beekeepers. Pollens of families Poacea (26.5%), Azadirachta spp. (22%), Citrus spp. (17.45%), Pisum spp. (16.41%), Ziziphus spp. (13.99%), Prosopis spp. (13.13%), Brassica spp. (8.57%), Malvacea (8.08%), Syzygium spp. (7.29%), Cassia spp. (6.2%), Acacia spp. (5.17%) and Eucalyptus spp. (4.35%) were common in both branded and fresh honeys. Whereas Morus spp. (8.5%), Moringa spp. (4.46%), Psidium spp. (4.23%), Bombax spp. (1.9%), Mangifera spp. (1.9%) were found in fresh honeys only. Similarly, four different types of Pollens (Melilotus spp. (8.6%), Alfa spp. (6.4%), Benincasa spp. (6.4%) and Halianthus spp. (4.3%)) were detected exclusively in various branded honeys Muqeet (n=4), Sary (n=2), Swat honey, Marhaba (n=3), Youngs (Beehive), Ubqari, Salman (Pak honey) Al-Shifa, Ponam, Langanase and Aftab Qarshi. There was a correlation (r=0.24) between pollens of same taxa and families in branded and fresh honeys. High quality pictures were taken by camera fitted on light microscope.

Brief History and Judge of Kokah Pigeons

ASHRAFUL KABIR — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

As a distinctively vocal avian species, 'kokah' pigeons stand out as an exceptional breed in Bangladesh, particularly in the regions of Rajshahi, Natore, and Rangpur. Despite their prevalence, there are currently no established standards for judging this unique pigeon breed. Following discussions with numerous breeders in Bangladesh, there is a recognized need to establish standardized criteria for future judging.