The Proliferation of IELTS Preparation Industry of Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines the growth of the private English language institutes offering preparation for high-stakes International English Language Testing System (IELTS) in Pakistan. In Pakistan, as elsewhere, IELTS has assumed great significance on account of its gate-keeping function in emigration, higher education abroad and professional registration. Demand and candidature grow daily. However, specific conditions that pertain in Pakistan, mainly political instability, and major disparities in wealth and development, have a particular effect on the role of IELTS in the country. The current study employs a qualitative approach and conducts an in-depth face-toface survey of 20 IELTS preparation institutes of Pakistan. The survey was supplemented by informal conversational interviews with 20 IELTS test-preparers from two different institutes (one local and one international). The survey of the private English Language Teaching industry in Pakistan showed a radical expansion of IELTS preparation courses. Courses, although relatively expensive, are very short and most test- preparers enter them with lower English proficiency than is appropriate for IELTS. The test-preparers have high expectations from the course regarding improvement of their English proficiency which are generally not met. Disappointed test-takers hold some beliefs that their IELTS course and test will be of benefit to them in Pakistan. We argue that because public education is not meeting the demand for English, IELTS is now perceived as a route of English education and general certification, and a badge of middle class status if not actual material gain. These findings have implications for providers of state education in Pakistan. They need to address the lack of publicly funded English education and English qualifications.