Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria in Pus Samples of Last Three Years at Chaghi Laboratory, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance develops and spreads among pyogenic bacteria as a result of injudicious antibiotic usage in the treatment of pyogenic illnesses. Significant gaps in research on antibiotic resistance in Quetta, Pakistan have been observed making it difficult to develop trendlines and resistance patterns that can contribute to fighting the dangers associated with the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates obtained from pus samples. A retrospective analysis was carried on regular pus specimens collected at the Chaghi laboratory in Quetta from January 2018 to December, 2020. A total of 259 specimens were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with Ciprofloxacin (85.7 %), Cephradine (78.4 %), Ofloxacin (77.6 %), and Augmentin (56%) having the greatest proportion of resistance. All S. aureus strains were vancomycin-sensitive (100%) and Ampicillin-resistant (98.6%), while all gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Imipenem (97.9%) and Tazobactam (90%) however resistant to Ampicillin (98.6%). A gradual increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among gram-negative isolates and a notable increase in resistance was observed by S. aureus. S. aureus was shown to be the most frequent bacteria in pus samples, followed by K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. We concluded that antibiotic overuse should be avoided to prevent emerging resistance. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns also aids in the development of improved treatment options for reducing morbidity and death by recognizing the real burden of antibiotic resistance in an organism and preventing its spread.