Effect of Lead Acetate (Pb(C2H3O2)2) on Yield and Yield Associated Traits of Different Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties
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Abstract
Heavy metals in the environment can cause serious health problems to plants and animals. Plants absorb Pb from the soil as well as from the air. Experiments in the laboratory and in the pot-house conditions were carried out at the center for the environmental sciences, the University of Sindh, Jamshoro to see the effect of lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 on the yield and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiments were conducted in a factorial design with three replicates. Six wheat varieties namely Abadgar, SKD-1, Anmol-91, Tj-83, Imdad, and Sonalika, were tested for lead acetate tolerance. Four treatment T1= Control (no lead application), T2= 30ppm Pb acetate, T3= 50ppm Pb acetate, and T4= 70ppm Pb acetate were designed. Results indicated that variety SKD-1 produced significantly higher shoot and root length at 30, 50, and 70ppm lead acetate stress than other varieties. An analysis of variance revealed that lead had a considerable impact on yield and yield-related characteristics except for SPAD chlorophyll, the genotype-treatment interaction was significant for all characteristics. The varieties Imdad and SKD-1 produced the highest grains spike-1 (39.6 and 37.0) and grain yields plant-1 (14.33 and 13.0gram) respectively, at the highest stress level and are declared as tolerant cultivars.
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Sahib Ghanghro, Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi, Mumtaz Ali Saand, Nizamuddin Solangi, & Sorath Solangi. (2022). Effect of Lead Acetate (Pb(C2H3O2)2) on Yield and Yield Associated Traits of Different Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties. Sindh University Research Journal - SURJ (Science Series), 54(1). https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4493
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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[35]. Lmahamadi M., A. Bakrim., A. Aarab., R. Lafont, and F. Sayah. (2011). Lead Phytotoxicity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seedling germination and seedling growth. C.R.Biologies 334 (211)118-126.
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[39]. Zhou, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wei, Y. and Jiang, Z. (2018). Effects of lead stress on the growth, physiology, and cellular structure of privet seedlings. PLoS One, 13(3), p.e0191139.
[2]. Lin, R., X. Wang, Y. Luo, W. Du, H. Guo and D. Yin. (2007). Effect of soil cadmium on growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Chemosphere, 69, 89-98.
[3]. Maksymiec, W., Z. Krupa and M. Wójcik. (2007). Variation in oxidative stress and photochemical activity in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves subjected to cadmium and excess copper in the presence and absence of jasmonate and ascorbate. Chemosphere, 66, 421-427.
[4]. Kopittke, P.M., C.J. Asher, R.A. Kopittke and N.W. Menzies. (2007). Toxic effects of Pb2+ on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Environ. Pollut., 150, 280-287.
[5]. Malecka, A., A. Piechalak and B. Tomaszewska. (2009) Reactive oxygen species production and antioxidative defense system in pea root tissues treated with lead ions: The whole roots level. Acta Physiol. Plant., 31, 1053-1063.
[6]. Keser, G. and S. Saygideger. (2010). Effects of Pb on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in watercress, Nasturtium officinale R Br. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 137, 235-243.
[7]. Rowland, P.; Evans G. and Walcott J. (1997). The Environmental and Food Quality. Bureau of Resources Sciences, Common wealth of Australia. Technical Paper Series.
[8]. Lin, H. T.; Wong S. S. and Li G. C. (2004). Heavy metal content of rice and shellfish in Taiwan. J. Food and Drug Analysis 12: 167-174.
[9]. Burzynski, M. (1987). The influence of lead and cadmium on the absorption and distribution of potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron in cucumber seedlings. Actaphysiologie Prantarum 9: 229-38.
[10]. Gupta, U.S. (1997). Crop Improvement. Volume 2 Stress Tolerance. Science Publishers, Inc.
[11]. Kacabova, P. and Natr L. (1986). Effect of lead on growth characteristics and chlorophyll content in barley seedlings. Photossynthetica 20: 411-17.
[12]. Poskuta, J. W. Parys; E. and Romanowska E. (1987). The effect of Pb on the gaseous exchange and photosynthetic carbon metabolism of pea seedlings. ActaSocietatsBotanicorumPolonial 56: 127-37.
[13]. Yang YoungYell, J. J. Young, S. WonYong, S. Haksoo and YoungSkook L. (2000). Identification of rice genotypes with high tolerance or sensitivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of tolerance. Plant Physiology 124 (3): 1019-1026.
[14]. Lagriffoul, A.; Mocquot B., Mench M. and Vangronsveld J. (1998). Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and activities of stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays L.). Article 200: 241-250.
[15]. Mahgoub, E. M. I., Abd El-Sayyed S. M. and AlRefaey A. (1998). A genetical approach for assessing the environmental hazards of heavy metals in higher plants. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 25 (3): 399-410.
[16]. Harada, E.;,Yongeui C., Tsuchisaka A., Obata H. and Sano H. (2001). Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a rice cysteine synthase gene are tolerate to toxic levels of cadmium. J. of Pl. Physiol. 158: 655-661.
[17]. Meyers, M. W., Fricke F. L., Holmgren G. G., Kubota S. J. and Chaney R. L. (1982). Cadmium and lead in wheat grain and associated surface soils of major wheat production areas in the United States, P. 34. In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
[18]. Kacabova, P. and Natr L. (1986). Effect of lead on growth characteristics and chlorophyll content in barley seedlings. Photossynthetica 20: 411-17.
[19]. Brkic, I., Simic D., Zdunic Z., Jambrovic A., Ledencan T., Kovacevic V. and Kadar I. (2004). Genotypic variability of micronutrient element concentrations in maize kernels. Cereal. Res. Communications 32 (1): 107-112.
[20]. Munns, R.. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25, 239-250.
[21]. Rady, M.M., Mohamed, G.F. (2015). Modulation of salt stress effects on the growth, physio-chemical attributes and yields of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants by the combined application of salicylic acid and Moringaoleifera leaf extract. Sci. Hortic. 193, 105-113.
[22]. Soussi, M., Ocand, A., Lluch, C. (1998). Effect of salt stress on growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J. Exp. Bot. 49, 1329-1337.
[23]. Semida, W.M., Rady, M.M. (2014). Pre-soaking in 24-epibrassinolide or salicylic acid improves seed germination, seedling growth, and antioxidant capacity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown under NaCl stress. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 89, 338-344.
[24]. Acosta, J.A., Jansen, B., Kalbitz, K., Faz, A., Martinez-Martinez, S. (2011). Salinity increases mobility of heavy metals in soils. Chemosphere. 85, 1318-1324.
[25]. Domagala-Swiatkiewicza, I., Gastol, M. (2013). Soil chemical properties under organic and conventional crop management systems in south Poland. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 29, 12-28.
[26]. Yagioka, A., Komatsuzaki, M., Kaneko, N. (2014). The effect of minimum tillage with weed cover mulching on organic daikon (Raphanus sativus var. longipin natus cv. Taibyousou futori) yield and quality and on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 30, 228-242.
[27]. Abdou, M., Mohamed, M.A.H. (2014). Effect of plant compost, salicylic and ascorbic acids on Mentha piperita L. plants. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 30, 131-143.
[28]. Bobul’ska, L., Fazekasova, D., Angelovicova, L., Kotorova, D. (2015). Impact of ecological and conventional farming systems on chemical and biological soil quality indices in a cold mountain climate in Slovakia. Biol Agric Hortic. 31, 205-218.
[29]. Angelova, V.R., Akova, V.I., Artinova, N.S., Ivanov, K.I. (2013). The effect of organic amendments on soil chemical characteristics. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 19, 958-971.
[30]. Jansen, G., Jurgens, H.-U., Schliephake, E., Seddig, S., Ordon, F. (2015). Effects of growing system and season on the alkaloid content and yield of different sweet L. angustifolius genotypes. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual. 88, 1-4.
[31]. Suthar, S. (2009). Impact of vermicompost and composted farmyard manure on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) field crop. Int. J. Plant Prod. 3, 27-38.
[32]. Younis, U., Malik, S.A., Qayyum, M.F., Shah, M.H.R., Shahzad, A.N., Mahmood, S. (2015). Biochar affects growth and biochemical activities of fenugreek (Trigonella corniculata) in cadmium polluted soil. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual. 88, 29-33.
[33]. Sushila, R., Gajendra, G., Giri, G. (2000). Influence of farmyard manure, nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under limited water supply. Indian J. Agron. 45, 590-595.
[34]. Munzuroglu, O., and Geckil, H. 2002. Effect of metal on seed germination, root elongation, and coleptile and hypocotile growth in Triticum aestivum L. and Cuccmis sativus. Arch Environ. Contamins, Toxicol. 43, 203-213.
[35]. Lmahamadi M., A. Bakrim., A. Aarab., R. Lafont, and F. Sayah. (2011). Lead Phytotoxicity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seedling germination and seedling growth. C.R.Biologies 334 (211)118-126.
[36]. Mehboob S., M.Z. Iqbal., M. Shafiq., M. Kabir and Z. Farooqi. (2018). Effect of lead on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (T. aestivum) Global scientific Journal GSJ 6 (8) 590-598.
[37]. Saadony EL F.M.A., Abdul Hamid M.I, and Nehal Z.A. Evaluating some wheat genotype ( T.aestivum L.) For heavy metal stress tolerance. Middle East Journal Agriculture 6 (3) 809-818.
[38]. Bhati K.H , S.Anwar, K.Nawaz, K.Hussain , E.H Siddiqui , R.U Sharif , A.TalatA,Khalid (2013) .Effect of heavy metal lead (pb) stress of different concentration on wheat ( T,aestivum L.) Middle East JournaL of scientific Research 4(2) 148-154
[39]. Zhou, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wei, Y. and Jiang, Z. (2018). Effects of lead stress on the growth, physiology, and cellular structure of privet seedlings. PLoS One, 13(3), p.e0191139.