Seismic Data Interpretation and Fault Mapping in Badin Area, Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to study structural variations of subsurface using seismic and well log data of Badin area. 2D seismic reflection data of ten lines after correlation with five wells of the area reveal that extensive structural and depositional changes have occurred as a result of major & minor tectonic events. Seismic interpretation confirms Horst & Graben geometry in the studied area. Grabens are main areas for generation of hydrocarbons. Primary structuring is defined by structural style at Middle Sand level. Compensating faults are increased at shallower level (Top Lower Goru) due to variation in rock mechanics and applied forces. The variable throw at different levels describes structural evolution through the geological time. Contour maps in two way time and depth domain show faults having northwest to southeast trend in the studied area. Seismic and well data is used to establish stratigraphic correlations of different wells in Lower Indus Basin and also to elucidate the source of sediments and depositional centers during different geological time periods. Structuring in the area provides basic elements of requirements of petroleum system as proven by number of oil and gas discoveries in the area. Faults act as conduits providing migration pathway from source to reservoir rock and seals in trapping mechanism for hydrocarbons.