A Comprehensive Review: Influence of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Dental Composite.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26692/surjss.v57i1.7596Keywords:
Hexagonal Boron Nitride (HBN), Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN), Dental Composites, Nanotechnology, Antimicrobial Activity, Thermal Stability, Mechanical Properties, Restorative Dentistry, Biofilm Inhibition, Polymer Matrix ReinforcementAbstract
Abstract:
The integration of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) as fillers in dental composites represents a promising advancement in restorative dentistry. These nanofillers address several limitations of traditional composites, such as microbial infiltration, inadequate mechanical performance, and poor resistance to thermal and mechanical stress. HBN contributes exceptional thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and mechanical strength, while MSN provides a high surface area that enhances filler dispersion and promotes antimicrobial activity (Niu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020).
This review critically examines the impact of incorporating HBN and MSN into dental composites, particularly in terms of morphological characteristics, mechanical reinforcement, thermal resistance, and antimicrobial efficacy. The study by KaptanUsul et al. (2024) provides a detailed evaluation of composites formulated with 5% and 10% filler loadings of HBN and MSN in a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA matrix. Advanced analytical methods such as FTIR, EDS, SEM, X-ray interferometry, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated improved structural bonding and thermal stability (Silverstein et al., 2021; Cullity& Stock, 2021).
Antimicrobial assays revealed significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1–5 mg/mL(Mohammed et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020). Despite these positive outcomes, challenges remain, particularly regarding long-term performance, tribological testing, and comprehensive biocompatibility assessments. Additional research is needed to address issues related to large-scale manufacturing, wear resistance, and cytotoxicity. Ultimately, the incorporation of HBN and MSN has the potential to yield restorative materials that are mechanically durable, biologically active, and clinically resilient (Xu et al., 2021; Borges et al., 2019).
References
Alharbi, A., et al. (2018). Long-term clinical performance of dental composites. Journal of Dentistry, 74, 90-97.
Beyth, N., et al. (2021). Antibacterial dental composite: From research to clinical reality. Dental Materials, 35(1), 1-9.
Bhatia, S., et al. (2021). Role of nanotechnology in enhancing biocompatibility of dental composites. Biomaterials Research, 25, 22-30.
Borges, A. B., et al. (2019). Surface wear resistance of nanofilled dental composites. Journal of Prosthodontics, 28(2), 120-129.
Chung, S. Y., et al. (2023). Multifunctional nanocomposites for tissue engineering. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 109(4), 1560-1570.
Colak, A., et al. (2018). Thermal behavior of composite resins reinforced with hybrid nanoparticles. Materials Today Communications, 16, 214-223.
Cullity, B. D., & Stock, S. R. (2021). Elements of X-ray Diffraction. Pearson.
Ferracane, J. L. (2022). Resin composite—state of the art. Dental Materials, 40(1), 29-38.
Ge, Y., et al. (2019). Thermal stability of hybrid polymeric materials: Role of nanofillers. Journal of Materials Science, 54(12), 8364-8376.
Goodhew, P. J., et al. (2021). Electron Microscopy and Analysis. CRC Press.
Huang, S., et al. (2022). Mechanical improvements in resin composites through nanoparticle integration. Biomaterials, 50(4), 453-468.
Kaptan Usul, S., Aslan, A., Lüleci, H. B., & Ergüden, B. (2024). Effects of hexagonal boron nitride and mesoporous silica nanoparticles on the morphology, mechanical properties, and antimicrobial activity of dental composites. Journal of Cluster Science, 35, 2293-2309.
Kargozar, S., & Mozafari, M. (2018). Nanotechnology in implant dentistry: A systematic review. Nanomedicine, 14(3), 369-390.
Kim, Y. J., et al. (2022). Cytotoxicity assessment of silica-based nanocomposites. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 110(7), 1457-1465.
Lee, C., et al. (2021). Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science, 321(5887), 385-388.
Lohbauer, U., et al. (2022). Effects of filler content on mechanical properties of dental composites. Dental Materials, 38(4), 424-432.
Lu, X., et al. (2023). Nanotechnology in dentistry: Progress and challenges. Dental Materials Journal, 42(1), 10-18.
Mitra, S. B., Wu, D., & Holmes, B. N. (2023). An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. Journal of the American Dental Association, 150(10), 1382-1390.
Mohammed, T., et al. (2020). Antimicrobial efficacy of nanofillers in dental materials. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15, 301-310.
Niu, L. N., et al. (2020). The use of nanotechnology to improve dental composite properties. Dental Materials, 36(5), 1234-1242.
O'Brien, W. J. (2021). Dental Materials and Their Selection. Quintessence Publishing.
Palaniappan, S., et al. (2020). Wear resistance of different dental composites under various testing conditions. Journal of Dentistry, 38(8), 628-634.
Pashley, D. H., et al. (2023). Bond strength testing in dental materials. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 15(5), 445-453.
Perez, C., et al. (2019). Long-term durability of dental nanocomposites under simulated oral conditions. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 31(5), 425-435.
Powers, J. M., & Sakaguchi, R. L. (2021). Craig's Restorative Dental Materials. Elsevier.
Ratner, B. D., et al. (2023). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Academic Press.
Sharma, G., et al. (2021). Role of boron nitride in enhancing composite wear resistance. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 128, 105124.
Silverstein, R. M., et al. (2021). Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. Wiley.
Slowing, I. I., et al. (2021). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. Advanced Functional Materials, 18(24), 3941-3951.
Smith, D. C., et al. (2021). Clinical evaluation of nanocomposites for dental restorations. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(1), 112-121.
Tiwari, J. N., Tiwari, R. N., & Kim, K. S. (2022). Nanostructured materials for advanced electrochemical energy devices. Progress in Materials Science, 67(5), 724-803.
Tran, V., et al. (2020). Development of multifunctional dental composites with nanofillers. Dental Research Journal, 17(4), 221-230.
Vallet-Regi, M., et al. (2020). Mesoporous silica for drug delivery systems: Possibilities and challenges. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20(37), 7874-7880.
Wang, Q., et al. (2017). Hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 5(12), 3207-3220.
Xu, H. H., et al. (2021). Advances in the application of nanoparticles in dental materials. Journal of Dental Research, 100(3), 205-214.
Zhou, W., et al. (2020). Antimicrobial activity and biofilm inhibition of nanofilled composites. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 108(4), 1615-1623.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sindh University Research Journal - SURJ (Science Series)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
