Oxytocin Levels in Uncontrolled and Controlled Goat Milk Samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Authors

  • TAHSEEN FATIMA Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur
  • GHULAM QADIR SHAR Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26692/surjss.v57i1.7648

Abstract

The present study examined the quantity of oxytocin in milk samples collected from different breeds of goats as well as sheep, including both uncontrolled and controlled groups. For the quantification of oxytocin, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection, C18 column and wavelength of 220 nm was used. The trace amounts of oxytocin in different breeds of goat and sheep were detected and measured by the chromatographic method with sensitivity and accuracy. However, oxytocin was successfully determined in all goat and milk samples, the contents varied among various control and breed statuses, showing the presence of oxytocin in milk samples. Additional research is necessary to investigate the physiological and ecological factors influencing these deviations and their implications for animal health and milk samples.

References

Allert, I. (2024). Obesity and pregnancy outcomes [Doctoral dissertation, Vilniaus niversitetas].

Blair, S., & Rushton, L. (2021). The endocrine system. Infobase Holdings, Inc.

Camerino, C. (2023). The long way of oxytocin from the uterus to the heart in 70 years from its discovery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032556

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF). (2014). Scientific opinion on the safety assessment of the process “Phoenix-ESPS,” used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials. EFSA Journal, 12(5), 3647. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3647

Javed, M., Mazhar, M., Hayat, S., & Tahir, M. A. A. (2023). Effects of reproductive hormones in dairy farm animals: Reproductive hormones in dairy farm animals. MARKHOR (The Journal of Zoology), 18–26.

Lozic, M., & Ludwig, M. (2022). Oxytocin. In Encyclopedia of molecular pharmacology (pp. 1203–1209). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57401-7_104

Mensching, A., Hummer, J., & Schaub, J. (2012). Exogenous oxytocin in goat milk: Detection and pharmacokinetics. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35(3), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01317.x

Mota-Rojas, D., Marcet-Rius, M., Domínguez-Oliva, A., Martínez-Burnes, J., Lezama-García, K., Hernández-Ávalos, I., Rodríguez-González, D., & Bienboire-Frosini, C. (2023). The role of oxytocin in domestic animal’s maternal care: Parturition, bonding, and lactation. Animals, 13(7), 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071207

Mukherjee, J., Das, P. K., & Banerjee, D. (2023). Lactation physiology. In Textbook of veterinary physiology (pp. 639–674). Springer Nature Singapore.

Nagel, E. M., Howland, M. A., Pando, C., Stang, J., Mason, S. M., Fields, D. A., & Demerath, E. W. (2022). Maternal psychological distress and lactation and breastfeeding outcomes: A narrative review. Clinical Therapeutics, 44(2), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.12.003

Rashidi, M., Maier, E., Dekel, S., Sütterlin, M., Wolf, R. C., Ditzen, B., Grinevich, V., & Herpertz, S. C. (2022). Peripartum effects of synthetic oxytocin: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 141, 104859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104859

Rodrigues, L., Amezcua, R., Cassar, G., O’Sullivan, T. L., & Friendship, R. (2020). Erratum: Comparison of single, fixed-time artificial insemination in gilts using two different protocols to synchronize ovulation. Animals, 10(4), 641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040641

Takeda, K., Nagasawa, M., Mogi, K., & Kikusui, T. (2015). Oxytocin release and milk ejection parameters in goats during machine milking. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(3), 1361–1366. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8784

Tarsha, M. S., & Narvaez, D. (2023). The evolved nest, oxytocin functioning, and prosocial development. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1113944. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1113944

Torres, A., Capote, J., Argüello, A., Sánchez-Macías, D., Morales-delaNuez, A., & Castro, N. (2014). Effects of oxytocin treatments on milk ejection in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Small Ruminant Research, 120(2–3), 231–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.05.008

Downloads

Published

2025-07-25

How to Cite

Fatima, T., & SHAR, G. Q. . (2025). Oxytocin Levels in Uncontrolled and Controlled Goat Milk Samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Sindh University Research Journal - SURJ (Science Series), 57(1), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.26692/surjss.v57i1.7648