Arc GIS Based Study of Effects of Sea Tidal Water and Industrial Effluent on Shallow Lakes and Lagoons of Coastal Areas of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract

Coastal wetlands of district Badin, Sindh, Pakistan, are being deteriorated by sea water intrusion and mega drains carrying industrial and municipal effluents. Lack of fresh water supply to wetlands has worsened the environmental ecosystem degradation of coastal area of Badin. Left bank outfall drainage system carries industrial and municipal waste which before to be disposed of into Arabian Sea through Shah Samando creek, contaminates a lot of coastal wetlands and Ramsar recognized lagoons. The present study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical analysis of the twelve (12) wetlands of Badin coastal area. Arc GIS was used for mapping and interpretation. Average results obtained were E.C. 18.8 mS/cm , TDS 10447 mg/L, D.O 5.5 mg/L , Salinity 12.3, Chlorides 6376.7 mg/L, Hardness 1814.3 mg/L , Alkalinity 211 mg/L, Phosphates 0.2066 mg/L, Nitrates 2.81mg/L, Ni0.0177mg/L, Cd 0.0189 mg/L, Zn 0.0332mg/L, Cu 0.0719 mg/L, Fe 0.0531 mg/L ,Na 2667.4 mg/L, Ca 447 mg/L, Mg 223.9 mg/L, K 111.8 mg/L. Results confirmed that the wetlands have been contaminated by sea water and industrial effluents of Left Bank Outfall Drain.