PAKISTAN TOWARDS PRAETORIAN STATE: THE ROLE OF BENAZIR BHUTTO AGAINST PRAETORIANISM IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

In nations such as Pakistan, the political leadership exhibits limited
involvement in the advancement of political institutions, the transition from a
praetorian state to a democratic state, and the establishment of a stable
democratic system. The efforts to transition in Pakistan from a praetorian state
to a democratic state were unsuccessful, resulting in the country's progression
towards a garrison state. The promotion of praetorianism in a society is
sometimes facilitated by the destabilization of political institutions and
democracy. Following the passing of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the esteemed
founder of the Pakistani nation, a handful of politicians emerged with a
democratic vision that vehemently opposed praetorianism in Pakistan. One
notable individual who voiced opposition to the growing prevalence of
praetorianism within the nation was Benazir Bhutto. She initiated political
initiatives aimed at safeguarding Pakistan against its potential transformation
into a praetorian state and garrison state. Nevertheless, she encountered
significant oppression from authoritarian rulers throughout history. As a result,
both democracy and political institutions in Pakistan were brought to the brink
of collapse. This research study aims to analyze the role of Benazir Bhutto in
countering praetorianism in Pakistan from a theoretical perspective. It seeks to
understand how individuals with expertise in violence sought to suppress
democratic forces. This article also highlights the global recognition of political
figures with democratic ideals, opposed praetorianism and encountered
challenges in their efforts to promote democracy in Pakistan. The primary
objective of this research study is to elucidate the impact of Benazir Bhutto on
the process of Pakistan's transition from a praetorian state to a democratic state.