TRENDS, MEASUREMENT AND AFFECTING FACTORS OF POVERTY IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Abstract

Pakistan is an agrarian country facing many problems such as poverty,
which rose in the sixties, and declined during the seventies and eighties it again
increased in the nineties. Many authors had defined poverty and measured it by
different approaches in different times, using Household Integrated Economic
Survey (HIES) data. This study included around 150 documents out of which 50
peer reviewed articles, working papers and the government and multilateral
reports were selected for the review. At present Cost of Basic Needs is the
method for measuring poverty in the country, this method was adopted by the
government of Pakistan in the year 2013-14. This study reveals the poverty at
national level declined from 61.60 percent to 21.50 percent in 1998-99 to 2018-
19 respectively. Furthermore, poverty also decreased from 47.40 percent to
10.70 percent in 1998-99 to 10.70 percent in 2018-19. Poverty has also declined
in all four provinces of Pakistan. Some factors affecting poverty in Pakistan are
education, health, gender, household size and remittances, agricultural inputs
foreign direct investment, private investment.
______________________________