Medina Charter and Just Peacemaking Theory

Abstract

The post-September 11th era has given a rise of a new wave of resentment, and the perception of the people around the Western world generally target Islam as a terrorist religion. It has posed several challenges before the followers of three abrahamic religions. Clash of civilization existed time immemorial but the intensity has been raised after 9/11 and represents changes and challenges which requires different pattern of response. The world no longer divided between two superpowers and hence instead bipolar it is multipolar now. Different powers are leading each region. Hence giving birth to the world of conflict. It is a fact that no matter how well we do the work of just peacemaking, not all conflicts will be resolved. Some conflicts will lead to war, or the brink of war. What we need is the theology of the restraint of war – either pacifism or just war theory. Islamic pacifism is largely based on Sunnah (practices of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that teaches us to deal our enemies on humanitarian ground. The profound philosophical and even insightful spiritual teaching of the Prophet (SAW) is based on a state of mind that looks for a reciprocated vision and discourse. It goes with the peacemaking rather than waging war. This paper will discuss the first constitution, charter, peace agreement or social contract “The Medina Charter” in resolving the conflict and clash of civilization. A very important seminal political document of Islam to resolve the present day challenges. To seek the peace and justice in the world order a great emphasis should be drawn towards the just peacemaking. The remarkable and landmark document of the Medina Charter is no doubt a very practical solution in building peacemaking theory. An attempt has been made to draw out some steps or axioms in just peacemaking from the Medina Charter.

1) Affirmation of common security (defence)
2) Independent initiatives
3) Consultation (Shura)
4) Negotiation
5) Autonomy
6) Confederation
7) Seeking human rights and justice
8) Identities
9) Compatibility with secular, pluralistic societies
10) Economic security

In addition a short summary on the challenges of peace would also be given to identify the difference between just war theory and just peacemaking, as Glen. H.Stassen argues in “Just Peacemaking” that “some wars are just, and we obligated to fight them, other wars are unjust, and we obligated to oppose them”.