Extraction of Keratin from Chicken Feathers and its Potential Applications in Poultry Feed and Organic Fertilizer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57038/usjas.v10i01.7739Keywords:
Keratinolytic bacteria; Chicken feathers; Keratin hydrolysate; Poultry feed; Biofertilizer.Abstract
Millions of tons of chicken feathers are produced globally each year by the poultry industry. The present study was designed to isolate keratinolytic bacteria from soil and feathers of Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken). Samples were collected from a private poultry farm. Qualitative analysis of keratin-degrading bacteria was carried out using the skim milk agar assay, and twelve bacterial isolates were obtained from Gallus gallus domesticus feathers. Bacterial cell densities were highest at 37°C and 45°C and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 9.0. All twelve Gallus gallus domesticus isolates efficiently degraded Columba livia domestica feathers. The results showed that the protein content of Columba livia domestica feathers was 7.818 mg/mL, whereas that of Gallus gallus domesticus feathers was 3.949 mg/mL. The FTIR spectra of keratin hydrolysate from Gallus gallus domesticus and Columba livia domestica ranged from 700 to 4000 cm?¹. Among the isolates, SHC4 and SHC12 showed the best growth-promoting effects on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) plants. Keratin hydrolysate used as a fertilizer significantly enhanced plant growth (p < 0.05) at 100×, 70× and 50× dilutions. Keratin used as poultry feed showed a maximum body-weight gain of 70%. Liver function tests, including ALT, AST, ALP, A/G ratio, albumin, globulin and bilirubin, were also performed in chicks. Overall, keratin-degrading microbial isolates demonstrated strong potential for applications in agriculture and poultry feed production.
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