ASIA PACIFIC GEOPOLITICS: US STRATEGIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA
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Abstract
China’s rise has made her the centre of the regional and international politics. Its power potentials and geopolitical and geo-economic influence in the region has made the region pivot of major power politics. Chinese outreach through Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and naval assertiveness along with its expansion of interests has generated countervailing measures from the major powers especially US and some regional states especially Japan, India, and Australia. This paper hypothesises that China’s rise has made US and its regional allies concerned about the future of the regional order in which their interests are imminently would be marginalized against Chinese power, therefore, US with its allies has adopted provoking and assertive strategies to counter Chinese power and influence. In this paper effort has been made to analyse the dimensions of the Chinese rise and its perceptions by the US and its regional partners. It also endeavours to find out the nature and conduct of US strategies to balance and counter Chinese ever-expanding interests and influence. Finally, effort has been made to trace out the implications for China’s interests, influence, and goals in the region.
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References
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Xuefeng, S. (2013). Rethinking East Asian regional order and China’s
rise, Japanese Journal of Political Science, 14(1), 9–30.
Sino-India Relations: Cooperation, Competition and Conflict,
Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities, 4(1), 90–103.
Abraham, J. C. (2020). Indo-US Convergence in the Indo-Pacific:
China’s Containment and Lingering Constraints, Journal of
Culture, Politics and Innovation. DOI: 10.12893/gjcpi.2020.2.2
Anonymous. (2021). The Longer Telegram: Toward A New American
China Strategy. Atlantic Council.
Australian Government (2020). Australia joins Exercise Malabar 2020.
Retrieved from https://www.minister.defence.gov.au/mediareleases/2020-11-03/australia-joins-exercise-malabar
2020#:~:text=Australia%20has%20joined%20key%20regional,
of%20regional%20peace%20and%20security (Accessed:
September 9, 2022)
Bader, J. A. (2012). Obama and China’s rise: An insider’s account of
America’s Asia strategy. Brookings Institution Press.
Brooks, S. G., Ikenberry, G. J., & Wohlforth, W. C. (2013). Lean
forward: In defense of American engagement. Foreign Affairs,
92, 130.
Brooks, S. G., & Wohlforth, W. C. (2015). The rise and fall of the great
powers in the twenty-first century: China’s rise and the fate of
America’s global position, International Security, 40(3), 7–53.
Carter, A. (2016). The rebalance and Asia-Pacific security: building a
principled security network, Foreign Affairs, 95, 65.
D. Shearm, M. (2021). Biden Moves to Cancel 1776 Commission and
Undo Trump Policies. The New York Times. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/bidenexecutive-action.html (Accessed: September 18, 2022).
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Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/
2021/sep/16/cold-war-mentality-china-criticises-aukus-us-ukaustralia-submarine-pact (Accessed: September 26, 2022).
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Oxford University Press.
Foot, R. (2006). Chinese strategies in a US-hegemonic global order:
accommodating and hedging, International Affairs, 82(1), 77–
94.
Hang, N. T. (2001). The US Rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific.
JSTOR. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/48602151
(Accessed: September 25, 2022).
Heath, T. R., & Thompson, W. R. (2018). Avoiding US-China
competition is futile: Why the best option is to manage
strategic rivalry, Asia Policy, 13(2), 91–120.18 Asia Pacific Geopolitics: US Strategies and its Implications for China
Jimbo, K. (2014). US rebalancing to the Asia-Pacific: a Japanese
perspective. In T. T. Wilaim & S. Doughlas The New US
Strategy towards Asia (pp. 91–103). Routledge.
Kumar, S., Verma, S. S., & Shah, S. H. (2020). Indo-US Convergence of
Agenda in the New Indo-Pacific Regional Security
Architecture, South Asia Research, 40(2), 215–230.
Liu, L. (2021). Beyond the status quo and Revisionism: An Analysis of
the Role of China and the Approaches of China’s Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) to the Global Order, Asian Journal of
Political Science, 29(1), 88–109.
McBride, J., CHatzky, A., & Siripurapu, A. (2021). What’s next for the
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)? Council on Foreign
Relations. Retrieved from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder
/what-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp (Accessed: August 16,
2022).
Medeiros, E. S., & Blanchette, J. (2021). Beyond Colossus or Collapse:
Five Myths Driving American Debates about China. War on
the Rocks. Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2021
/03/beyond-colossus-or-collapse-five-myths-drivingamerican-debates-about-china/ (Accessed: September 22,
2022).
Mirza, M. N., Abbas, H., & Malik, A. I. (2020). Is China Pursuing A
‘Regional’ Hegemony? Strategic Sources of China’ AssertiveCum-Benevolent Behaviour, Humanities & Social Sciences
Reviews, 8(6), 91–98.
Panda, A. (2020, Month date). Making Sense of China’s Latest Bid to
Administer Sovereignty in the South China Sea. The Diplomat.
Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/makingsense-of-chinas-latest-bid-to-administer-sovereignty-in-thesouth-china-sea/ (Accessed: August 15, 2022).
Rogin, J. (2022). Biden doesn’t want to change China. He wants to beat
it. The Washington Post. Retrieved from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/02/10/biden
-china-strategy-competition/ (Accessed: August 19, 2022).
Salman, M. (2017). Strategic Hedging and Unipolarity’s Demise: The
Case of China’s Strategic Hedging. Asian Politics & Policy, 9(3),
354–377.
Smith, S. A. (2021). The Quad in the Indo-Pacific: What to Know. Council
of Foreign Affairs.
Stromseth, J. (2019). Don’t Make Us Choose: Southeast Asia in the Throes
of US-China Rivalry. Brookings Institution Washington, DC.
Sun, X. (2018). United States leadership in East Asia and China’s stateby-state approach to regional security, Chinese Political Science
Review, 3(1), 100–114.
Swaine, M. D., Deng, W., & Lescure, A. R. (2016). Creating a Stable Asia:
An Agenda for a US-China Balance of Power. Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace.
Tian, Y. L., & Crossley, C. (2001). Beijing huddles with friends, seeks
to fracture U.S.-led ‘clique.’ Retrieved August 23, 2022 from
https://www.reuters.com /world/china/beijing-huddles-withfriends-seeks-fracture-us-led-clique-2021-04-19/ (Accessed:
August 23, 2022 ).
US Department of State (2021). Xinjiang Supply Chain Business
Advisory. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/xinjiangsupply-chain-business-advisory/ (Accessed: August 19, 2022).
Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics, Reading, Mass.
Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Xi, J. (2014). The governance of China. Foreign Languages Press.
Xinbo, W. (2000). US Security Policy in Asia: Implications for China—
US Relations, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 479–497.
Xuefeng, S. (2013). Rethinking East Asian regional order and China’s
rise, Japanese Journal of Political Science, 14(1), 9–30.