HUMAN SECURITY PARADIGM: IMPLICATIONS OF THE US-CHINA STRATEGIC CONFLICT IN WESTERN PACIFIC
Main Article Content
Abstract
Western Pacific region is extremely important owing to its political, economic, and geo-strategic importance. For decades, the region has witnessed the hegemony of the USand its strong collaboration with multiple states of Far East. However, the recent rise of China regarding political influence, economic development, and military might have posed challenges to the US hegemonic designs increasing the prospects for a strategic conflict. The resulting surge in China’s assertiveness has also fuelled hostile emotions among states. This paper explores the ramifications of emerging strategic conflict between the US and China using the Human Security Paradigm (HSP). By employing qualitative research method paper articulates that the implications of strategic conflict in Far East can be a challenge to national interests of the US. Given the different nature of human security issues and their propensity to exacerbate the conflict, the paper advocates using preventive measures when dealing with human security problems.
Article Details
Section
Articles
References
Bernstein, R., & Munro, R. H. (1997). The Coming Conflict with America. Foreign Affairs, 76(2), 18–32.
Buszynski, L. (2012). The South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S.-China Strategic Rivalry. The Washington Quaterly, 35(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2012.666495
Buzan, B., Waever, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security Analysis: Conceptual Apparatus. In Security: A New Framework for Analysis (pp. 21–33). Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc.
China’s Maritime Disputes. (2016). Retrieved January 3, 2017, from http://www.cfr.org/asia-and-pacific/chinas-maritime-disputes/p31345#!/p31345.
Echeverri-Gent, J., Herlevi, A., & Ganczak, K. (2014). Economic Interdependence and Strategic Interest: China, India, and the USin the New Global Order.
Evans, P. M. (2004). Human Security and East Asia: In the Beginning. Journal of East Asian Studies, 4, 263–284. https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9780203888636
Fensom, A. (2016). $5 Trillion Meltdown: What If China Shuts Down the South China Sea? Retrieved January 1, 2017, from http://nationalinterest.org/blog/5-trillion-meltdown-what-if-china-shuts-down-the-south-china-16996.
Fish: The Overlooked Destabilizer in the South China Sea. (2016). Retrieved January 1, 2017, from https://www.stratfor.com/ analysis/fish-overlooked-destabilizer-south-china-sea.
Flecker, M. (2015). Early Voyaging in the South China Sea: Implications on Territorial Claims.
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man (5th ed.). Penguin Books.
Gallagher, M. G. (1994). China’s Illusory Threat to the South China Sea. International Security, 19(1), 169–194. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/2539152
Garver, J. W. (1992). China’s Push Through the South China Sea: The Interaction of Bureaucratic and National Interests. The China Quarterly, 999–1028. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0305741000045513
Glaser, B. S. (2012). Armed Clash in the South China Sea. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from http://i.cfr.org/content /publications/attachments/CPA_contingencymemo_14.pdf.
Herberg, M. E. (2016). The Role of Energy in Disputes over the South China Sea. Retrieved January 1, 2017, from http://maritimeawarenessproject.org/2016/06/28/the-role-of-energy-in-disputes-over-the-south-china-sea/.
Huntington, S. P. (1997). The Clash of Civilizations an the Remaking of World Order. Haryana: Penguin Books India.
Kaplan, R. D. (2013). The Revenge of Geography. New York: Random House.
Kivimäki, T. (2014). Can the Pragmatic East Asian Approach to Human Security Offer a Way for the Deepening of the Long Peace of East Asia? Journal of Human Security, 10(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2014.10010076
Leifer, M. (1995). Chinese Economic Reform and Security Policy: The South China Sea Connection. Survival, 37(2), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339508442789
Maliniak, D., Peterson, S., Powers, R., & Tierney, M. J. (2015). The Best International Relations Schools in the World. Retrieved January 1, 2017, from http://foreignpolicy.com/ 2015/02/03/top-twenty-five-schools-international-relations/
Marshall, T. (2015). Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Explain Everything About the World. New York City: Scribner.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2004). Why China’s Rise Will Not Be Peaceful, 1–5.
Rowan, J. P. (2005). The U.S.-Japan Secuirty Alliance, ASEAN, and the South China Sea Dispute. Asian Survey, 45(3), 414–436.
Sekwat, A. (2009). Human Security in Theory and Practice: An Overview of the Human Security Concept and the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. United Nations
Sokolsky, R., Rabasa, A., & Neu, C. R. (2001). The Role of Southeast Asia in U.S. Strategy Towards China. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Storey, I. J. (1999). Creeping Assertiveness: China, the Philippines and the South China Sea Dispute. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 21(1), 95–118. https://doi.org/10.1355/CS21_1E
UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report 1994. New York City.
Yahuda, M. (2013). China’s New Assertiveness in the South China Sea. Journal of Contemporary China, 22(81), 446–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.748964
Yang, T. E. (2001). Human Security and Sounth China Sea: War Prevention Between Northeast and Southeast Asia. In Annual International Seminar on National Security and Military Strategy.
Zweig, D., & Jianhai, B. (2005). China’s Global Hunt for Energy. Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 25–38.
Buszynski, L. (2012). The South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S.-China Strategic Rivalry. The Washington Quaterly, 35(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2012.666495
Buzan, B., Waever, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security Analysis: Conceptual Apparatus. In Security: A New Framework for Analysis (pp. 21–33). Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc.
China’s Maritime Disputes. (2016). Retrieved January 3, 2017, from http://www.cfr.org/asia-and-pacific/chinas-maritime-disputes/p31345#!/p31345.
Echeverri-Gent, J., Herlevi, A., & Ganczak, K. (2014). Economic Interdependence and Strategic Interest: China, India, and the USin the New Global Order.
Evans, P. M. (2004). Human Security and East Asia: In the Beginning. Journal of East Asian Studies, 4, 263–284. https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9780203888636
Fensom, A. (2016). $5 Trillion Meltdown: What If China Shuts Down the South China Sea? Retrieved January 1, 2017, from http://nationalinterest.org/blog/5-trillion-meltdown-what-if-china-shuts-down-the-south-china-16996.
Fish: The Overlooked Destabilizer in the South China Sea. (2016). Retrieved January 1, 2017, from https://www.stratfor.com/ analysis/fish-overlooked-destabilizer-south-china-sea.
Flecker, M. (2015). Early Voyaging in the South China Sea: Implications on Territorial Claims.
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man (5th ed.). Penguin Books.
Gallagher, M. G. (1994). China’s Illusory Threat to the South China Sea. International Security, 19(1), 169–194. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/2539152
Garver, J. W. (1992). China’s Push Through the South China Sea: The Interaction of Bureaucratic and National Interests. The China Quarterly, 999–1028. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0305741000045513
Glaser, B. S. (2012). Armed Clash in the South China Sea. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from http://i.cfr.org/content /publications/attachments/CPA_contingencymemo_14.pdf.
Herberg, M. E. (2016). The Role of Energy in Disputes over the South China Sea. Retrieved January 1, 2017, from http://maritimeawarenessproject.org/2016/06/28/the-role-of-energy-in-disputes-over-the-south-china-sea/.
Huntington, S. P. (1997). The Clash of Civilizations an the Remaking of World Order. Haryana: Penguin Books India.
Kaplan, R. D. (2013). The Revenge of Geography. New York: Random House.
Kivimäki, T. (2014). Can the Pragmatic East Asian Approach to Human Security Offer a Way for the Deepening of the Long Peace of East Asia? Journal of Human Security, 10(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2014.10010076
Leifer, M. (1995). Chinese Economic Reform and Security Policy: The South China Sea Connection. Survival, 37(2), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339508442789
Maliniak, D., Peterson, S., Powers, R., & Tierney, M. J. (2015). The Best International Relations Schools in the World. Retrieved January 1, 2017, from http://foreignpolicy.com/ 2015/02/03/top-twenty-five-schools-international-relations/
Marshall, T. (2015). Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Explain Everything About the World. New York City: Scribner.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2004). Why China’s Rise Will Not Be Peaceful, 1–5.
Rowan, J. P. (2005). The U.S.-Japan Secuirty Alliance, ASEAN, and the South China Sea Dispute. Asian Survey, 45(3), 414–436.
Sekwat, A. (2009). Human Security in Theory and Practice: An Overview of the Human Security Concept and the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. United Nations
Sokolsky, R., Rabasa, A., & Neu, C. R. (2001). The Role of Southeast Asia in U.S. Strategy Towards China. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Storey, I. J. (1999). Creeping Assertiveness: China, the Philippines and the South China Sea Dispute. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 21(1), 95–118. https://doi.org/10.1355/CS21_1E
UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report 1994. New York City.
Yahuda, M. (2013). China’s New Assertiveness in the South China Sea. Journal of Contemporary China, 22(81), 446–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.748964
Yang, T. E. (2001). Human Security and Sounth China Sea: War Prevention Between Northeast and Southeast Asia. In Annual International Seminar on National Security and Military Strategy.
Zweig, D., & Jianhai, B. (2005). China’s Global Hunt for Energy. Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 25–38.